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Vasilets A.V. Separatism in Spain: prospects for development. Cognitive Sciences in the Information Society. 2022; (4). Available at: https://knio.ru/PDF/01KN422.pdf (in Russian).

Separatism in Spain: prospects for development

Vasilets Anastasia Vasilievna
Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: vasilietsa@mail.ru

Abstract. Attempts to secede from Spain are ongoing; regions that leave no chance for separation are Catalonia and the Basque Country. The economic and political situation that has developed in Spain seems to be fertile ground for the development of separatist nationalist movements. Spain exists within the framework of the European Union, in this regard, it has a serious mission to resolve the separatist conflict, since it must maintain a balance between the self-identification of the regions, the integrity of the state and democratic values. The main reasons for separatism are the presence of different nationalities, cultures, languages that were banned or oppressed by the political regime in a historical context, especially during the reign of Francisco Franco; the economic development of individual regions, such as Catalonia and the Basque Country, government spending for which is much lower than the tax burden. Spain is also characterized by a high rate of unemployment, progressing among the young population, which deprives young people of the prospects for professional growth, the future and makes them easy prey for separatist movements. For their part, the leaders of the separatist movements are not ready to make concessions and compromises, they demonstrate a radical, categorical attitude towards centralized power, which is the cause of a split in society. Currently, only for Catalonia and the Basque Country is the option of separation possible, this is determined by economic independence, cultural and linguistic identity, geographical location. The withdrawal of Catalonia and the Basque Country from Spain may be aggravated by the following consequences: their non-admission to the EU, and, as a result, the deprivation of the privileges that EU members have, economic instability, lack of investment, conflicts with Spain against the background of the economic crisis and unemployment, which are predictable in the event of the separation of Catalonia and the Basque Country. Methods for studying the prospects for the development of separatism in Spain are the analysis of the causes of the emergence of separatism in Spain and the assessment of the prospects for the development of separatism based on interdisciplinary research.

Keywords: separatism; Spain; autonomism; regionalism; Catalonia; Basque Country; self-determination

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